  c -  ava (pruval  )  categ ory pro- duct obser- vability  ava aggrega ted ava calculat ed     -  ipv   (   ) ipv  -   (   )  day1       - roach  aggre- gated   termi nation. c –  ava (pruval  ).   181.           ( ) /  a    182.    top  avas   ava    ava        ( ) /  c. 183.  top  avas,   avas. 184.   top   avas       (a)     ( )     ( ) / 185.     ava,    ava  a        avas,         .    (alpha- )          (  ,  ,  ,  )     ir –    –  cr –  eq –  co –     (alpha- )                  (a)     ( )     ( ) /  observability             : —   a   a  ; —  a verifiable           ; —   a  quote.          : ‘ ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ - ’, ‘ +’.    ava   ( )     ( ) / ava           -        -  ( )     ( ) /         ( ) / fv – pv   ava    ava       ( )       ( ) /  avas            ( ).   apva       . -  -     -            -     -             -     -      ipv   (   )        (‘ipv  ’)   closest         ( )      ipv     ipv             (   )    ipv   (   )   ava   ipv      . –     c     c         .